Stellenbosch Travelogue V

What do you do on the morning of your final exam for 23rd grade?

I awoke around 7am on January 31 in Stellenbosch, showered, and dressed for the defense. My day was complicated by the fact that my scheduled departure from Cape Town was that evening, so I had to check out of my hotel room in the morning or else be charged for another night. The hotel staff graciously allowed me to leave my (obscenely huge) suitcase and other items in the office while I was on campus that day.

After breakfast, I set out on my walk to the Faculty of Theology, which is about a 10-minute walk from where I stayed. January is of course the height of summer in South Africa, but the weather had been relatively mild all week. Not this day–it already felt hotter at 9:30am than it had at 1pm on Wednesday when I was on the bay. I believe it ended up around 37ºC (98ºF for us ‘Merkins) at mid-day that Friday.

I settled into a study carrel in the library. How does one study for a dissertation exam? I took solace in two bits of advice from friends: first, the student’s fate is usually decided before the exam, so I just had to be knowledgeable enough to show that I hadn’t plagiarized the whole thing; and second, no one knows more about this subject than me–that’s the whole point of a dissertation. So I spent the hour enjoying the aircon (AC for us Yanks), hydrating, praying, reading over my brief remarks that I had prepared (about seven minutes’ worth), and glancing through the sections that I had guessed that my particular reviewers would focus in on (my guesses turned out to be wrong).

At 10:45, I powdered my nose, then made my way to Professor Jonker’s office. From there, we went to the same examination room where I had defended my MTh thesis two years earlier. We were greeted by Nico Koopman, dean of the theology faculty, and Hendrik Bosman, the internal examiner. I was quite nervous, as you can imagine, but as the other faculty trickled in, they were all very encouraging and comforting. I recalled to mind that my fate was probably already decided, and I just had to avoid screwing it up.

Technological difficulties gave me something of an advantage. Professor Gerrie Snyman of UNISA Pretoria was on the phone immediately, but the secretary had difficulty reaching Professor Mark Boda (McMaster) in Ontario, where it was 4am. Though the tension built a little while we delayed ten minutes trying to get Professor Boda on the line, Professor Koopman decided to begin, provided I could give a short recap when we made the connection. After prayer by Professor Jonker, I gave my seven-minute introduction, whereupon we were interrupted by the secretary who was prepared to patch Professor Boda into the conference room. I certainly benefited from the ensuing ten-minute break–I cleared my head, joked around a little while the faculty chatted with one another.

Once we got into the Q&A period, it was “Game On!” I discovered that it’s very flattering and satisfying to have a room full of smart people–experts in my field–ask me questions about my work that they had read and appreciated. I wouldn’t go so far as to say it was fun, but it was definitely satisfying–especially when I felt like I had nailed an answer to a challenging question.

Because of the delay, I think the questioning period ended up being shorter than usual, which was just fine–less time for me to say something stupid. Professor Koopman excused me to the adjacent room. A couple of minutes later, Professor Jonker joined me while the faculty deliberated. After about ten minutes, the session ended and Professors Koopman and Bosman came out to congratulate me. We then went over the minor corrections that would be required to the satisfaction of Professor Jonker, not the rest of the faculty (the so-called “B option,” which is what I was hoping for).

And, I was done!

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Announcement: Moving to Lithuania!

As some of you know, I have been working toward a PhD in Old Testament for the last few years. On January 31, I successfully defended my doctoral dissertation on the book of Chronicles at Stellenbosch University in the Western Cape, South Africa. This is the culmination of three years of undergraduate studies, three years of seminary, and four years of graduate school—so we are very thankful to be finished!

Just before I departed for South Africa on January 23, I was offered a full-time position in the Department of Theology at LCC International University in Klaipėda, Lithuania. After praying and seeking the wisdom of family, church leaders and friends, Corrie and I decided to accept this offer, effective August 2014.

So, we will be disposing of most of our worldly possessions and moving to Lithuania in August! We are both excited about the prospect of launching into a new ministry and scared silly about taking two young kids to a country we’ve never visited.

You probably have many questions, as do we…

What is LCC International University?

LCC is the only Christian liberal-arts university in the former Soviet Union, founded in 1991. About 650 students attend from dozens of countries in Eastern Europe and Asia. Instruction is in English, and all students are required to take Bible and theology courses. Only about a quarter of the students profess an active relationship with Christ. The other faculty members have spoken to us about the wonderful opportunities to preach the gospel to young people from many nations that are still recovering from the darkness and hopelessness of communism. Some students come from countries where preaching the gospel is illegal, presenting the LCC faculty and staff with unique evangelism opportunities.

You can find out more about the ministry of LCC here: www.lcc.lt/video-portrait.

What will you be doing there?

I will be teaching two or three courses per semester, primarily upper level OT and NT courses to start out. I will also continue my academic research on the Old Testament and the Persian period. We will live in an on-campus apartment, and faculty members often host students in their homes for meals, game nights, and Bible studies. Because a larger percentage of the students are women, female staff and wives of staff play a key role in evangelism and discipleship ministry to the students. Corrie will also have opportunities to play music in chapel services and possibly to teach music lessons.

This is somewhat “out of the blue.” Why did you settle on a ministry overseas?

Even before we became engaged, we discussed the possibility of being missionaries in some capacity. Back in 2010, we nearly entered a training program with the goal of going overseas as Bible translators, but we saw the opportunity to get additional training, and we have since felt God calling me more toward teaching in a university setting. We see this job offer as a confirmation of that call.

I have known for the last ten years that I wanted to teach the Bible, and I hoped and prayed that I would have an opportunity to do so at the college/graduate level. As I’ve had this opportunity to finish off the requisite PhD, we’ve seen so many friends with doctorates in biblical studies (and in the humanities) struggle for years (under the burden of student loan debt) to find those increasingly rare full-time teaching positions in North America. We have also been blessed that I have had a full-time job in pharma for the last eight years, so we could wait to find the right position. But rather than spending years adjuncting here and there while trying to publish papers and search for full-time work, we were open to an alternative path.

Furthermore, there is a great shortage of biblical education outside North America and Western Europe. Here, the supply is high and the demand is waning; elsewhere, the demand is high and the supply is desperately low.

In our discussions over the years, we have often felt that we would be well-suited to ministry in Europe. LCC offers a great opportunity to minister in one of the EU’s most recent member nations, an exciting nexus between Western Europe and Central Asia.

How long do you hope to serve at LCC?

We have tentatively committed to this mission for 3-5 years, with the possibility of longer-term commitment.

Are you crazy, taking two kids to a former Soviet country?

Possibly! But Klaipeda is a modern city, with all the recognizable conveniences and annoyances of city life. We can drink the water. We will have cell phones (which are cheaper than here!), wireless internet, and a washing machine. We have corresponded with several other faculty members with young children, and they assure us that it is as safe as most cities, and there are things for kids to do. Daniel will attend preschool, play with the other faculty kids, and run around in the gym and on the quad. He and Elizabeth will probably learn Lithuanian faster than Corrie and I will, though we will take lessons.

Klaipeda has a rich cultural history, having been at various times under Prussian, Nazi and Soviet control. It is a port city, and Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and several other countries are a ferry-ride away. Faculty members also take recruiting trips to other countries in Eastern Europe. If we can afford it, we hope to travel back to the US for the summer months to see family and friends.

How will you pay for this?

Many of the faculty are supported missionaries from the USA, Canada and UK. LCC receives about a quarter of its revenue from faculty sponsors; all donations are tax-deductible through the charitable foundations in the USA and Canada. Just over 40% of revenue comes from student tuition payments. This funding model enables the school to keep tuition relatively low (about $3,700 per year) and to offer nearly $600,000 in merit scholarships and need-based aid.

LCC will provide on-campus housing, including utilities, and pay our Lithuanian social insurance taxes (roughly $23,000 annually). We need to raise support for our expenses, which will be just under $32,000 per year.

How can I help?

The most important way you can help us is to pray for us. Pray for our transition, pray for our funding, pray for our gospel ministry as we reach out to students and the community. Pray that God would bring us closer to Him through this process.

We are also looking for supporters who can partner with us financially in this endeavor. There are several ways to become part of our monthly support team, or to make a one-time contribution to our outfitting/transition fund.

All donations are tax-deductable in the USA and Canada. The easiest way to give is to visit www.lcc.lt/giving-north-america, where you can contribute with credit/debit card, or set up a recurring deposit from a bank account. You may also mail a check. Detailed instructions for contributions can be found here.

If you decide that you can support us financially, please let us know so that we may plan accordingly and thank you personally.

How can we stay in touch?

In this technological age, the world is smaller than ever! Keep track of us on Skype (you can call our USA phone number–email me if you’d like me to share), Facebook and email (benjamingiffone[at]gmail[dot]com).

We will hopefully travel back to the USA during the summer, spending time in PA/NJ and San Diego. If you would like to continue to receive periodic updates about our ministry, please email us and we will keep you informed. If you would prefer to receive paper mail letters, please send us your mailing address.

Thank you for your prayers, love, and encouragement.

In Christ,

Benj (for Corrie, Daniel and Elizabeth)

Posted in Bible-Theology, Giffones in Lithuania, Travels | 1 Comment

Stellenbosch Travelogue IV

It’s been over a month since I returned from Stellenbosch, and I’m just now getting around to finishing my travelogue. The last three days in Stellenbosch were some of the most memorable of my life, so it’s hard to encapsulate the fulfillment of two lifetime (or at least long-time) dreams in a blog post. So, I’ll write about Wednesday and Thursday, January 29-30, and save the story of the defense (Friday) for another time.

I awoke early on Wednesday morning, packed my swim trunks and towel, and drove to Simon’s Town, a small town along the Cape Peninsula. I had arranged to join a trip to Seal Island to go cage-diving with great white sharks.

Now, I’ve been interested in sharks since I was a little boy–maybe all little boys are to some degree. But I memorized all the different species, read books, saved pictures, etc. I remember as a teenager seeing a TV special on these great whites that jump out of the water hunting seals at the Cape (this was before “Shark Week” on the Discovery Channel was so popular), and I resolved that if I ever had the chance, I’d go see those great whites.

On previous trips to Stellenbosch, I’d looked into cage-diving–price, safety, ecological concerns, etc. I had considered not doing it. But given how safe everything seemed to be, I realized that I would always regret not taking this last opportunity–and I pulled the trigger on a last-minute booking. I was glad they had a spot open right at the beginning of the season. Unfortunately, it was too early in the year for the sharks to be jumping, but we did get to see at least four different great whites around Seal Island, and we (five passengers, four crew) swam in the cage. The closest the sharks came was only about 8-10 feet (they were interested in the bait on a rope, not us).

Overall, it was a wonderful experience that I recommend. It was quite exhilarating to see these apex predators in their natural habitat. For all that we know about it, the sea is still so mysterious, romantic and scary–and sharks doubly so. Safety is a concern for some people, but I felt very secure in the cage. I could climb out at any time right into the boat, and the sharks never came close enough to touch (not that I would have reached out!). Sure–it was probably more dangerous than staying at home on the couch. But as I reflected upon the day, I realized I was probably more likely to die in a car accident on the hour-long drive from Stellenbosch, what with South Africa’s absolutely insane driving culture (but that’s a discussion for another time!).

We arrived back at the wharf in Simon’s Town around noon. My friend, Craig, met me there for lunch at a local restaurant. Craig has connections at two local institutions of biblical higher ed, and he wanted to take me to meet the faculty at one of them. BISA is in Kalk Bay, which is a little town further up the Peninsula overlooking False Bay. It was wonderful to meet these folks and to hear of the challenges and joys of training church leaders in southern Africa.

On Thursday, I spent some time studying in the morning. It was difficult to know exactly how to prepare for the defense other than just…know everything. But I took comfort in the thought that I knew more about my specialized subject than any of the examiners, so I tried to focus on method. That turned out to be not as important as I thought it would be–but more on that later.

I took a break mid-day to walk to the campus centre and purchase some university swag. It’s virtually impossible to get any Stellenbosch clothing or souvenirs in the USA, so I always make sure to pick up a shirt or a hat or something when I’m there.

I then had a wonderful time at lunch with the pastor of the local CESA church in Stellenbosch. Pastor Doug was very encouraging, and we discussed again the unique challenges of ministry in Africa. Culture changes, but people are pretty much the same and struggle with the same sin and suffering.

I returned to my room that evening to “rehearse” my seven-minute introduction to my dissertation. I made a couple of videos of myself (pathetic, I know) and rewrote and re-rewrote the outline. After a shower and some three-year-old American TV (mostly what you get on South African broadcast stations), I settled in for a night of fitful sleep, anticipating my final, final exam the next morning.

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Paper: “Irregular Warriors”

My paper for the Mid-Atlantic/New England Regional meeting of SBL, “‘Irregular’ Warriors: Stereotypes of Benjaminite Soldiers in the Deuteronomistic History and Chronicles,” is now posted.

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Why Ham Is Wrong and Nye Doesn’t Get It

I am well aware of my biases, as someone who grew up in a young-earth creationist (YEC) church and family context but has evolved (har-har) after eleven years of undergraduate and graduate study in Old Testament into something resembling an old-earth creationist (OEC) who is agnostic about the extent of God’s use of evolutionary processes in the multiplication of species.

That’s why “debates” (really, duet entertainment) like the one held at the Creation Science Museum between Ken Ham and Bill Nye (“The Science Guy”) last week are so frustrating for me. Please excuse the following rant and scattered thoughts…

1. Contra Ham: I’m so weary of debates about biblical literalism in Genesis. Literalism should mean “taking what the text means as literature,” which, anyone should conclude after study of Ancient Near Eastern (ANE) myths and king lists, cannot mean that Genesis 1-11 means that the world is 6,000 years old. The world may in fact be 6,000 years old, but you can’t credibly argue that the purpose of Genesis 1-11 is primarily to communicate that notion. If you think so, then you need to read this book.

2. Again, contra Ham’s side: as a student and scholar of the Old Testament I’m tired of all the inordinate focus on Genesis. We like Genesis because it contains many of the best-known Bible stories. The more you investigate OT theology, you realize that Deuteronomy is probably the most important book of the Pentateuch, because it forms the covenantal culmination of all that comes before it and the covenantal basis for all the rest of the Hebrew Bible. As a Christian, I note that the NT quotes from and alludes to Deuteronomy more frequently than from Genesis. I taught Pentateuch to 19-year-old evangelicals several times in a university, and most admitted they had never read Deuteronomy all the way through (many had never even heard a sermon on Deuteronomy). I’d even settle for focus on Exodus, because the promises to Israel in the exile (and the promises that are fulfilled in Christ) are based on the salvation from Egyptian captivity. As soon as you start engaging in the wider world of Hebrew Bible scholarship, you realize that it’s very rare to find anyone who takes the book of Exodus as reflecting anything close to historical fact (most scholars think that “Israel” originated in Canaan in what we call the time of the judges). In terms of Old Testament theology, a historical exodus is more crucial than a historical Adam. Let’s pick our battles carefully.

3. Contra Nye: I’m disgusted with the lack of epistemological awareness of many advocates of atheistic evolution. It’s fine to state that scientific laws are universal and unchanging, but you have to recognize that that is a presupposition on which your arguments are based, not evidence itself. It’s also fine to argue that for most scientific endeavors, arguing that “God did it” does not have explanatory value. I agree. But philosophically, you’re still left with the question of the origin of the universe and all matter and energy that currently behaves (and throughout recorded history has always behaved) according to regular principles. If there was a Big Bang, who was the Big Banger?

4. Contra Nye: It is fallacious to argue that creationism is bad because it will cripple America’s scientific output. America has arguably led the world in scientific innovation, despite creationism being a mostly American phenomenon that seems to be quite widely held in our country. As Ham showed, there are people who believe in the regularity of matter, but who believe that matter and the universal laws of science were created supernaturally 6,000 years ago. They might be wrong, but they exist, and they build useful things using science. (Reminds me of the man who, when asked if he believed in infant baptism, answered, “Sure–I’ve seen it done!”) And anyway, whether or not creationism will cripple our scientific output is not relevant to the question of whether it’s true or not.

5. Contra Ham again: I’d like to see Christians recognize that “naturalism” as a presupposition has some heuristic value for understanding humanity and the world around us. When the evolutionary biologist (or psychologist) looks at a particular characteristic in an organism, he says to himself, “OK: I know this trait must have evolved according to natural processes, and it must have been retained by natural selection because it gave this organism’s ancestors a reproductive/survival advantage–but how?” In other words, is a presupposition on which science is based. This rejects the supernatural as a cause, at least for explanatory purposes. But Christians need to be fair: on what other basis could science possibly proceed? It’s a belief that yields fruitful results–even if (see point 3) the scientist is not epistemologically self-aware. It’s just like Christians ask of the Bible: “OK, I know this passage is authoritatively true revelation from God–but how?” Economists ask themselves when they observe irrational behavior: “OK, I know that human beings behave according to their perceived self-interest, so these humans must perceive self-interest–the question is, how?” (Thus, a great deal of economic “science” is trying to discover the reasons why markets fail to produce desirable outcomes in every circumstance, and the reasons why people behave irrationally, etc.) Christians need to recognize that debates over “intelligent design” and “irreducible complexity” will not convince the committed naturalist, because design is precluded by the framework in which science operates. And–just like Nye needs to recognize that creationists can make good stuff (see point 4)–Christians need to recognize that science for practical reasons must proceed according to naturalistic presuppositions.

It seems to me that the question is really how “natural” processes actually work in the world. Both Nye and Ham agree that matter currently behaves regularly. Both believe that the world looks like it could be very old (though Ham disputes a great deal of this evidence). They diverge on this point: Nye fails to recognize that his belief that matter has and will always behave regularly is itself a presupposition that he cannot prove, and Ham fails to recognize that his presuppositions about the meaning of scripture lead him to deny that God has worked quite spectacularly in the world over millions of years using “natural” processes–i.e., laws of science that God himself set into motion.

Frankly, I’d rather see two self-aware philosophers of science, a Christian and an atheist, discuss the concept of naturalism. That would have been more fruitful than last week’s spectacle, which only served to confirm each member of the audience in his/her currently view.

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Stellenbosch Travelogue III

On Monday morning, I made my way up to the university area of town in search of the car rental place. I recalled that on my last trip Corrie and I had wandered quite far trying to find the place. The problem is that in SA numbered addresses do not always show up on the right cross-streets on internet maps or GPS, so it’s always best to confirm the cross-street with the actual person/business before you go. But I had forgotten to email in advance, and I don’t have a phone here, so I wandered quite a ways again on foot before I found it. (One of the things I miss most now that I’m used to having it all the time at home is a cell phone. You don’t realize how much you rely on it for directions and to make up for mistakes or poor planning–until you don’t have it.)

After dropping the car off at the hotel, I met with Professor Jonker at the Faculty of Theology. We discussed the defense, teaching possibilities, and postdocs. More details on those things later, but for now I’ll say that it was very encouraging.

After lunch I drove about a half-hour east to Franschhoek, which is one valley over from Stellenbosch. Franschhoek (lit. “French corner” in Dutch/Afrikaans) was settled by the Huguenots in the seventeenth century. The views are just as stunning as in Stellenbosch–mountains, fields, vineyards.

On Tuesday, I got up early to drive to the V&A Waterfront in Cape Town to see the Two Oceans Aquarium and take a tour of Robben Island, where political prisoners (including Mandela) were held for many years. I got stuck in traffic and missed the 9am trip to the Island, so I decided to hit up the aquarium first. It’s beautiful, with many species only found in South African coastal waters. I recall hearing/reading on one of my previous trips that South Africa is the most biodiverse nation in the world, in terms of number of species of flora and fauna. The oceans’ diversity does not disappoint in this regard. They have several “ragged-tooth sharks,” which we in ‘Merka call “sand tiger sharks,” and a few giant spider crabs, which were fascinating.

I took my time at the aquarium and sampling some local cuisine at the food market on the pier, planning to catch the 1pm ferry to Robben Island. When I arrived at 12:30 to buy a ticket, however, the trips were sold out for the rest of the day! I hadn’t wanted to purchase a ticket online in advance because I wasn’t sure what time I’d get there–but I wish I had. Learn from my failure! The consolation prize was some neat displays at the museum on-shore.

If you don’t know much about Mandela, de Klerk, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and the end of apartheid, you really should learn. The early ’90s in South Africa were a remarkable historical moment, where power was peacefully handed over to a democratic government. Mandela’s passing last year precipitated many fresh retellings of his biography. He was not a perfect person, but he has become a symbol of something far more important than one man. And I don’t think it’s fair to judge a mere man by the standards required of a symbol or an idea.

All I would say is: let’s learn about both “Mandela the man” and “Mandela the symbol,” and not make the mistake of thinking that the quest for freedom is done. On the contrary, history teaches us that if we don’t examine the past carefully and learn from both the good and the bad, we are doomed to make the same mistakes. Personally, I fear that South African politics will continue to be dominated exclusively by a political party surviving only on Mandela’s memory rather than on good public policy in the present. There certainly seem to be parallels to African-Americans’ unswerving support for the Democratic Party since the Civil Rights Era.

Posted in Culture-Economics-Society, Travels | 2 Comments

Stellenbosch Travelogue II

On Sunday morning I awoke around 7am, showered, put on the same clothes I had worn for the previous three days (fresh undies, at least), and enjoyed a quick breakfast of granola, yogurt, toast, juice and coffee. The guest house is a lovely old building with about ten rooms, and half of the tables in the reception/dining area are outside under some lovely trees. My room is small but clean, with a neat tiled bathroom and shower. Very view of the windows in the homes and public buildings in Stellenbosch have screens, so you learn to either use the AC (which they call “aircon”) or deal with the bugs. After one night of bugs, I chose the AC even though it was nice and cool outside.

As a closeted Anglican in a Presbyterian church (or at least a Presbyterian with a great deal of Stendahl’s “holy envy”), I enjoy visiting Anglican churches when I’m abroad (so far just in England, Canada and South Africa). When I’m in Stellenbosch I attend St. Paul’s Church (CESA), and I had a lovely conversation afterward with Pastor Doug. He was very kind and hoped to get in touch again when (if!) I return in April for graduation.

I hurried back to my guest house to meet our friend, Julia. After some coffee, we toured various farmer’s markets and wine farms in Stellenbosch. The reputation of South Africans–and Africans generally–as hospitable folk has proven to be true in my experience. We had a lovely time–even though I was quite warm in my jeans, socks and collared shirt.

We talked about many things as we enjoyed our lunch (I had an ostrich-meat sandwich) and drinks (a nice white beer, and later, fine wines of many kinds), but I thought I’d share a bit about one conversation because it links up with something I’d like to blog about separately in the future. Julia kindly told me that she had found some of my work on Lamentations to have been very encouraging to her through a rough time. I’ve found that others have had a similar experience: learning about Lamentations lets them feel free to express their anger, sadness and depression before God–it can be very liberating.

I expressed satisfaction that my academic work–which was quite technical in my master’s thesis–has borne fruit in people’s spiritual lives. I think that should be the goal of Christian academics: not to shy away from very detailed, technical work, but to use that work to inform one’s teaching for the layperson. But as I prepare to defend my dissertation on Friday, I am concerned that my doctoral work will not necessarily have the same impact. To be sure, my historical thesis is interesting and (I believe) valuable for the academic field of Chronicles studies. And, the things I’ve learned about Chronicles along the way have informed my teaching. But I haven’t yet conceived of how my thesis itself (that Chronicles represents a conciliatory message toward the tribe of Benjamin in the late Persian period) would be edifying for the layperson in the pew. Maybe some insight in this area will present itself in the months and years to come.

But I think it’s a problem with Chronicles more generally. Chronicles is simply not as compelling initially to the novice reader of Scripture. There are a few reasons for this. First, the narrative of Chronicles is punctuated by long sections with lists and instructions (starting with nine chapters of genealogy!) that do not seem relevant at first glance.

Second, the narratives of our favorite figures–David and Solomon–do not include some of the best-known stories that show their complexities, their sins and their struggles. Thus, when the women’s Bible study at our church does a study on the life of David, much of the “spiritual meat” is drawn from Samuel, not Chronicles. Third, Chronicles is just long. It doesn’t always seem to be worth the effort that it takes to get through–especially if it’s viewed as “just supplemental” to Samuel-Kings (reflected in the LXX title for the book, των παραλειπομενων, “[book] of the things left out”).

What we need is trust and humility–both on the part of the academic to periodically descend from the ivory tower to help enrich the layperson’s life and faith, and on the part of the layperson to make the time and effort to dig deeply into Scripture beyond a five-verse paragraph for a “quiet time.” Much of Scripture is only “applicable” after several logical steps removed from an initial reading. Chronicles may not have as compelling characters as those found in Samuel and Kings. But once we grasp three truths about Chronicles–that the Chronicler felt the need to re-write the history of Israel by changing, adding and subtracting; that Chronicles did not supplant Samuel-Kings in the canon but was retained alongside it; and that the Chronicler infused the history with other Scriptural themes and adapted the narratives to the particular needs of his time–then the book comes alive as a fascinating window into the other Scriptures of the Persian period. What did these sincere believers think about tradition, Scripture, and God’s faithfulness–and how can we learn from that?

Anyway, I digest–er, digress. But needless to say, I have some work to do in figuring out how to “sell Chronicles” to the person in the pew. Some books of the Bible are an “easier sell,” like Romans, the Gospels, Isaiah, Proverbs, Genesis. Others need a good sales pitch, like Deuteronomy, Jude, Revelation, Hosea. And still others are just plain hard: Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Leviticus, Hebrews, Obadiah.

After Julia dropped me off at the hotel in early afternoon, I stopped out for some groceries. My suitcase was delivered around 8pm–just in time, because I’d just had a shower. Nothing seemed to be missing, though Prof. Jonker later counseled me against leaving my camera in a checked bag going through Jo’burg. So, now that advice is out there for you also…

Posted in Bible-Theology, Research, Travels | 2 Comments

Stellenbosch Travelogue I

It’s been a while since I’ve posted. A second child has proven even more detrimental to my bloggage output than the first. But I’m still here, and I plan to be posting updates more frequently, as we anticipate major changes in the next few months.

The next few posts will be a travelogue of my trip to Stellenbosch for my dissertation defense.

When I originally booked my trip for the defense, my advisor told me to count on a day during the week of January 27-31, so I planned to arrive on Saturday, January 25, and to depart late in the evening on January 31. Once the date was fixed, it turned out to be Friday, January 31, at 11am (SAST)–so I plan to defend, celebrate, and fly out in the same day! I will certainly provide an update on Friday, and you can bet that my CV and education info on Facebook will be updated that afternoon.

So a Friday departure left me with nothing to do from Saturday afternoon to Friday morning, except to re-read my dissertation in preparation for the defense. But I’m getting ahead of myself.

My journey began Thursday afternoon with a 2.25-hour drive up to Nutley, NJ, where I dropped off my car at my old church and went to stay the night at my former pastor’s house. Don and Leigh’s kids are all grown up now! Don–surname withheld to protect his anonymity–has become something of an expert “secret shopper,” so he showed me how he gets free meals at restaurants, nights at hotels, etc., by submitting reports as an agent of a company that helps major service firms evaluate their employees. Translation: Free beers and steak at Applebee’s! It was great to catch up with Don and hear about his new role in parachurch ministry after 17 years as a senior/solo pastor.

He dropped me off at Newark Airport at 6am for a 7:50am flight. I still don’t know exactly why airlines recommend getting to the airport 2-3 hours before departure for international flights. In my experience, my time from drop-off to gate is purely a function of how long it takes to check my bags and get through the Security Theatre–mostly the latter. Of course, it takes longer to board a larger plane, but it turned out to be only about 20% full.

We were scheduled to arrive a little before 8pm GMT in London. But we sat at the gate in Newark for an hour because of a problem with the air conditioning system. A side note: I much prefer when the captain/crew provide periodic detailed updates on a delay, rather than just, “we’re delayed because of mechanical problems.” Even if you don’t have details, make them up! It reassures the impatient passengers that someone is working to get the plane moving, even if it doesn’t make the repairs go any faster.

Because of the delay, I barely made my connection in London. I had to run down what seemed like an endless hallway with my backpack bouncing and my coat in hand, rush through security again, and then leg it down a hall exactly parallel to the one I had just run through back to the gate. I and the other passengers transferring to the Cape Town flight made it onto the flight, but–we would find out later–our bags did not. So, after a completely-full 11-hour overnight flight, I had only the clean underwear and toothbrush that I had conscientiously packed in my backpack.

Professor Jonker picked me up at the airport around noon SAST on Saturday, sans suitcase. I also realized along the way that I had forgotten to pack my laptop cable, but he was very kind to lend me his spare cable–so I got the powwahh! After a late lunch and picking up some groceries for dinner, I had a shower at the room and put on my clean skivvies. I tried to stay up as late as possible to complete the time-change, but I ended up falling asleep at about 6pm, then waking up at 10, and sleeping again from 11:30 to 7am. But all in all, not too bad a journey.

Posted in Travels | 1 Comment

Real Presence: Screens, Fatherhood and Distractions

I turn 29 next week, and I’m a father of two young children. And, I have screens everywhere.

I straddle a sort of generational digital fence. When I was 16, my parents limited my internet usage–for my own good, but also because we had dial-up and the internet clogged the phone line. We didn’t have cable, and the TV was on for maybe an hour a day–only approved shows.

Today, I have six devices with screens in my home. One is in my pocket all the time, and another is within easy reach. I can easily be distracted by the internet, social media, email, texts, calls, etc.

I’m not sure whether growing up before the explosion of internet access leaves me well-equipped or poorly-equipped to handle these distractions as a father. I didn’t grow up dealing with screens all the time, like my 18-year-old brother has. But at least I know something has changed–he doesn’t know any other existence (no offense, Michael–just a fact).

I don’t want my children to have to compete with screens for their father’s attention. I know that I inevitably gravitate toward screens, because they are interesting, because I’m curious and like to browse the internet to learn, because I want to see what my “friends” (however loose the connection may be) are up to, and because my TV time was so limited growing up that anytime the TV was on we all watched. I may also convince myself that I save time by multitasking: reading email on my iTouch while playing trains with my son saves me from being pulled away to read that message later–right? Wrong.

Screens let me be “present” in some limited way with my sister and her husband across the country or across the world. But they also make me absent from those actually in my presence. Screens connect and disconnect.

Posted in Culture-Economics-Society | 4 Comments

Psalm 1

Psalm 1 is one of the first psalms I memorized in English and in Hebrew (posted in a plastic sleeve in the shower, one phrase at a time).

Blessed is the man who
does not walk in the counsel of the wicked,

Nor stand in the path of sinners,
Nor sit in the seat of scoffers!
But his delight is in the Torah of YHWH,
And in his Torah he meditates day and night.
He will be like a tree firmly planted by streams of water,

Which yields its fruit in its season
And its leaf does not wither;
And in whatever he does, he prospers.

The wicked: not so–
For they are like chaff which the wind blows away.
Therefore the wicked will not stand in the judgment,

Nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous.
For YHWH knows the way of the righteous,
But the way of the wicked will perish.

It is quite appropriate that this psalm is the first. Along with the second psalm, it sets forth many of the themes we find throughout the Psalter. It is also instructive for the student of Hebrew poetry, since we find several of the most common devices: word pairs, different sorts of parallelism, symmetry, ellipsis.

The two halves of the poem focus on the righteous individual and on “the wicked,” plural. Unfortunately, the singular-plural contrast is lost in translations that, in the quest for gender neutrality, replace masculine singular pronouns with common plural pronouns.

What are the characteristics of this righteous individual? First, he does not keep the company of the wicked, or the sinners, or scoffers. This a wonderful example of ellipsis: the first phrase (“Blessed is the man who”) applies equally to each of the three that follow. The description is not only negative: keeping bad company is not enough. The righteous person delights in YHWH’s Torah/instruction, and meditates on this instruction day and night. Sometimes the point is made in commentaries or popular exposition that “day and night” could mean a “quiet time” in the morning and evening, or daily prayers and sunrise and sunset. This phrase is more appropriately thought of as consistent, iterative, constant thought and consideration of all that YHWH has communicated in the scriptures. The metaphor of the tree firmly planted is found throughout the Hebrew Bible, and of course in literature more broadly. The tree bears fruit in time, and does not suffer the decay/entropy of physical trees–this tree is like those planted along the “river of the water of life” in Revelation 22:1-2, whose leaves do not whither but actually provide “healing for the nations.”

Verses 1 and 3 are the longest in the psalm (fourteen words), followed by verse 2 (nine words). Verses 4-6 each contain seven words. There is no elaboration of the deeds or characteristics of the wicked, as there is of the blessed man–elaboration on the deeds of wickedness is unnecessary. The wicked have no root like the righteous man, and are blown away like chaff to decay. The wicked cannot “stand” in the judgment–“standing” is more than merely being subjected to judgment, it is vindication. Again, ellipsis or “gapping” creates a balance in the poetic line: “Will-not-stand” applies to both phrases (“the-wicked in-the-judgment” and “and-sinners in-the-assembly-of the-righteous”), so the second colon lengthens to compensate.

YHWH “knows” the way of the righteous–isn’t he also aware of the way of the wicked? “Knowing” must mean something deeper, an intimacy and approval of the conduct of the righteous people (plural).

Posted in Bible-Theology, Research | 1 Comment